iOS各种权限状态的获取及注意事项
前言
关于系统权限的获取，相信大家都不陌生，可是其中蕴含的知识确实不少。
怎样向用户索取权限是非常重要的。例如LBS类的应用，如果在索取权限时遭到用户的拒*，那么该应用基本等同于无用了,更坏的是，点击“不允许”是很轻松的，而要撤销这个决定则不太容易，用户至少需要以下五步,一次性成功获取权限的重要性不言而喻，
关于这一点，好的设置可以概括为这样：
除非当前确实需要，否则不要向用户索取权限。
索取权限时要让用户明确的了解授权后的好处是什么。
权限分类
- 联网权限
- 相册权限
- 相机、麦克风权限
- 定位权限
- 推送权限
- 通讯录权限
- 日历、备忘录权限
联网权限
引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;
应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限
-
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, CTCellularDataRestrictedState) {
-
kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown,//权限未知
-
kCTCellularDataRestricted,//权限被关闭，
-
kCTCellularDataNotRestricted//权限开启
-
};
-
-
使用时需要注意的关键点：
-
-
CTCellularData 只能检测蜂窝权限，不能检测WiFi权限。
-
一个CTCellularData实例新建时，restrictedState是kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown，
-
之后在cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier里会有一次回调，此时才能获取到正确的权限状态。
-
当用户在设置里更改了app的权限时，cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier会收到回调，如果要停止监听，
-
必须将cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier设置为nil。
-
赋值给cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier的block并不会自动释放，
-
即便你给一个局部变量的CTCellularData实例设置监听，当权限更改时，还是会收到回调，所以记得将block置nil。
-
-
-
CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
-
cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier = ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state)
-
{ //获取联网状态 switch (state)
-
{
-
case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricrted”); break;
-
case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@”Not Restricted”); break;
-
//未知，*次请求
-
case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@”Unknown”); break;
-
default: break;
-
};
-
};
查询应用是否有联网功能
-
CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
-
CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;
-
switch (state) {
-
case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricrted”); break;
-
case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@”Not Restricted”); break;
-
case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@”Unknown”); break; default: break;
-
}
注意：当应用被设置为不联网，使用的时候，系统会自动弹出警告“xxxx 已被关闭网络”点击可以去设置，自动跳转到设置中心里。
iOS10 国行机*次安装App时会有一个权限弹框弹出，在允许之前是没有网络的，网上对于现状已有描述和解决方法：
（1）在引导页中诱导出网络权限弹框，这样就不会影响到之后应用的网络请求。
（2）允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。
（3) 允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。
相册权限–iOS 9.0之前
导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;
检查是否有相册权限
-
ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
-
switch (status) {
-
case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@“Authorized”); break;
-
case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@“Denied”); break;
-
case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@“not Determined”); break;
-
case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@“Restricted”); break; default: break;
-
}
相册权限–iOS 8.0之后
导入头文件@import Photos;
检查是否有相册权限
-
PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
-
switch (photoAuthorStatus) {
-
case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@“Authorized”); break;
-
case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@“Denied”); break;
-
case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@“not Determined”); break;
-
case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@“Restricted”); break; default: break;}
获取相册权限
-
[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
-
if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized)
-
{ NSLog(@“Authorized”); }
-
else{ NSLog(@“Denied or Restricted”);
-
} }];
相机和麦克风权限
导入头文件@import AVFoundation;
检查是否有相机或麦克风权限
-
AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
-
AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限
-
switch (AVstatus) {
-
//允许状态
-
case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@”Authorized”); break;
-
//不允许状态，可以弹出一个alertview提示用户在隐私设置中开启权限
-
case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied”); break;
-
//未知，*次申请权限
-
case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
-
//此应用程序没有被授权访问,可能是家长控制权限
-
case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”); break; default: break;
-
}
获取相机或麦克风权限
-
[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
-
AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限
-
if (granted) { NSLog(@“Authorized”); }
-
else{ NSLog(@“Denied or Restricted”); }}];
-
[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
-
AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted)
-
{//麦克风权限
-
if (granted) { NSLog(@“Authorized”); }
-
else{ NSLog(@“Denied or Restricted”);
-
}}];
定位权限
导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；
配置文件
检查是否有定位权限
-
BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
-
if (!isLocation) { NSLog(@”not turn on the location”);}
-
CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
-
switch (CLstatus) {
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@”Always Authorized”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@”AuthorizedWhenInUse”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”); break; default: break;
-
}
获取定位权限
-
这里有一个细节要注意， CLLocationManager 实例必须是全局的变量，否则授权提示弹框会一闪而过，不会一直显示。
-
-
manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
-
manager.delegate= self;
-
[manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
-
[manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息
在代理方法中查看权限是否改变
-
– (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status
-
{
-
switch (status) {
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@“Always Authorized”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@“AuthorizedWhenInUse”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@“Denied”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@“not Determined”); break;
-
case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@“Restricted”); break; default: break;
-
}}
推送权限
检查是否有通讯权限
-
UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
-
switch (settings.types) {
-
case UIUserNotificationTypeNone: NSLog(@”None”); break;
-
case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert: NSLog(@”Alert Notification”); break;
-
case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge: NSLog(@”Badge Notification”); break;
-
case UIUserNotificationTypeSound: NSLog(@”sound Notification'”); break; default: break;
-
}
获取推送权限
-
UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
-
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];
通讯录权限
iOS9.0之前
导入头文件 @import AddressBook;
检查是否有通讯录权限
-
ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
-
switch (ABstatus) {
-
case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@”Authorized”); break;
-
case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied'”); break;
-
case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
-
case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”); break; default: break;
-
}
-
-
获取通讯录权限
-
-
ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
-
ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
-
if (granted)
-
{ NSLog(@”Authorized”);
-
CFRelease(addressBook);
-
}else{ NSLog(@”Denied or Restricted”);
-
}});
-
-
iOS9.0及以后
-
导入头文件 **@import Contacts;**
-
检查是否有通讯录权限
-
-
CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
-
switch (status) {
-
case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: { NSLog(@”Authorized:”); } break;
-
case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{ NSLog(@”Denied”); } break;
-
case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{ NSLog(@”Restricted”); } break;
-
case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{ NSLog(@”NotDetermined”); } break;
-
}
-
-
查询是否获取通讯录权限
-
-
CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init]; [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
-
if (granted) { NSLog(@”Authorized”); }
-
else{ NSLog(@”Denied or Restricted”); }
-
}];
日历、备忘录权限
导入头文件
检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限
-
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) { EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历 EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘 };
-
-
EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
-
switch (EKstatus) {
-
case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@”Authorized”); break;
-
case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied'”); break;
-
case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
-
case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”);
-
break;
-
default: break;
-
}
-
-
查询是否获取日历或备忘录权限
-
EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
-
[store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
-
if (granted) {
-
NSLog(@”Authorized”); }
-
else{ NSLog(@”Denied or Restricted”); }
