前言

关于系统权限的获取，相信大家都不陌生，可是其中蕴含的知识确实不少。
怎样向用户索取权限是非常重要的。例如LBS类的应用，如果在索取权限时遭到用户的拒*，那么该应用基本等同于无用了,更坏的是，点击“不允许”是很轻松的，而要撤销这个决定则不太容易，用户至少需要以下五步,一次性成功获取权限的重要性不言而喻，

关于这一点，好的设置可以概括为这样：

除非当前确实需要，否则不要向用户索取权限。
索取权限时要让用户明确的了解授权后的好处是什么。

权限分类

  • 联网权限
  • 相册权限
  • 相机、麦克风权限
  • 定位权限
  • 推送权限
  • 通讯录权限
  • 日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;
应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限

  1. typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, CTCellularDataRestrictedState) {
  2. kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown,//权限未知
  3. kCTCellularDataRestricted,//权限被关闭，
  4. kCTCellularDataNotRestricted//权限开启
  5. };
  7. 使用时需要注意的关键点：
  9. CTCellularData 只能检测蜂窝权限，不能检测WiFi权限。
  10. 一个CTCellularData实例新建时，restrictedState是kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown，
  11. 之后在cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier里会有一次回调，此时才能获取到正确的权限状态。
  12. 当用户在设置里更改了app的权限时，cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier会收到回调，如果要停止监听，
  13. 必须将cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier设置为nil。
  14. 赋值给cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier的block并不会自动释放，
  15. 即便你给一个局部变量的CTCellularData实例设置监听，当权限更改时，还是会收到回调，所以记得将block置nil。
  18. CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
  19. cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier = ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state)
  20. { //获取联网状态 switch (state)
  21. {
  22. case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricrted”); break;
  23. case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@”Not Restricted”); break;
  24. //未知，*次请求
  25. case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@”Unknown”); break;
  26. default: break;
  27. };
  28. };

查询应用是否有联网功能

  1. CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
  2. CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;
  3. switch (state) {
  4. case kCTCellularDataRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricrted”); break;
  5. case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted: NSLog(@”Not Restricted”); break;
  6. case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown: NSLog(@”Unknown”); break; default: break;
  7. }

注意：当应用被设置为不联网，使用的时候，系统会自动弹出警告“xxxx 已被关闭网络”点击可以去设置，自动跳转到设置中心里。
iOS10 国行机*次安装App时会有一个权限弹框弹出，在允许之前是没有网络的，网上对于现状已有描述和解决方法：
（1）在引导页中诱导出网络权限弹框，这样就不会影响到之后应用的网络请求。
（2）允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。
（3) 允许用户手动重新请求。出现数据空白时，如果在空白页面上有“重新加载”的按钮。

相册权限–iOS 9.0之前

导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;
检查是否有相册权限

  1. ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
  2. switch (status) {
  3. case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@“Authorized”); break;
  4. case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@“Denied”); break;
  5. case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@“not Determined”); break;
  6. case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@“Restricted”); break; default: break;
  7. }

相册权限–iOS 8.0之后

导入头文件@import Photos;
检查是否有相册权限

  1. PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
  2. switch (photoAuthorStatus) {
  3. case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@“Authorized”); break;
  4. case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@“Denied”); break;
  5. case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@“not Determined”); break;
  6. case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@“Restricted”); break; default: break;}

获取相册权限

  1. [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
  2. if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized)
  3. { NSLog(@“Authorized”); }
  4. else{ NSLog(@“Denied or Restricted”);
  5. } }];

相机和麦克风权限

导入头文件@import AVFoundation;
检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

  1. AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
  2. AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限
  3. switch (AVstatus) {
  4. //允许状态
  5. case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@”Authorized”); break;
  6. //不允许状态，可以弹出一个alertview提示用户在隐私设置中开启权限
  7. case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied”); break;
  8. //未知，*次申请权限
  9. case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
  10. //此应用程序没有被授权访问,可能是家长控制权限
  11. case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”); break; default: break;
  12. }

获取相机或麦克风权限

  1. [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
  2. AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限
  3. if (granted) { NSLog(@“Authorized”); }
  4. else{ NSLog(@“Denied or Restricted”); }}];
  5. [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:
  6. AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted)
  7. {//麦克风权限
  8. if (granted) { NSLog(@“Authorized”); }
  9. else{ NSLog(@“Denied or Restricted”);
  10. }}];

定位权限

导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；

配置文件

检查是否有定位权限

  1. BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
  2. if (!isLocation) { NSLog(@”not turn on the location”);}
  3. CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
  4. switch (CLstatus) {
  5. case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@”Always Authorized”); break;
  6. case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@”AuthorizedWhenInUse”); break;
  7. case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied”); break;
  8. case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
  9. case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”); break; default: break;
  10. }

获取定位权限

  1. 这里有一个细节要注意， CLLocationManager 实例必须是全局的变量，否则授权提示弹框会一闪而过，不会一直显示。
  3. manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
  4. manager.delegate= self;
  5. [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
  6. [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

  1. – (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status
  2. {
  3. switch (status) {
  4. case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways: NSLog(@“Always Authorized”); break;
  5. case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse: NSLog(@“AuthorizedWhenInUse”); break;
  6. case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@“Denied”); break;
  7. case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@“not Determined”); break;
  8. case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@“Restricted”); break; default: break;
  9. }}

推送权限

检查是否有通讯权限

  1. UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
  2. switch (settings.types) {
  3. case UIUserNotificationTypeNone: NSLog(@”None”); break;
  4. case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert: NSLog(@”Alert Notification”); break;
  5. case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge: NSLog(@”Badge Notification”); break;
  6. case UIUserNotificationTypeSound: NSLog(@”sound Notification'”); break; default: break;
  7. }

获取推送权限

  1. UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
  2. [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

iOS9.0之前
导入头文件 @import AddressBook;
检查是否有通讯录权限

  1. ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
  2. switch (ABstatus) {
  3. case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@”Authorized”); break;
  4. case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied'”); break;
  5. case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
  6. case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”); break; default: break;
  7. }
  9. 获取通讯录权限
  11. ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
  12. ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
  13. if (granted)
  14. { NSLog(@”Authorized”);
  15. CFRelease(addressBook);
  16. }else{ NSLog(@”Denied or Restricted”);
  17. }});
  19. iOS9.0及以后
  20. 导入头文件 **@import Contacts;**
  21. 检查是否有通讯录权限
  23. CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
  24. switch (status) {
  25. case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: { NSLog(@”Authorized:”); } break;
  26. case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{ NSLog(@”Denied”); } break;
  27. case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{ NSLog(@”Restricted”); } break;
  28. case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{ NSLog(@”NotDetermined”); } break;
  29. }
  31. 查询是否获取通讯录权限
  33. CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init]; [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
  34. if (granted) { NSLog(@”Authorized”); }
  35. else{ NSLog(@”Denied or Restricted”); }
  36. }];

日历、备忘录权限

导入头文件
检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

  1. typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) { EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历 EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘 };
  3. EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
  4. switch (EKstatus) {
  5. case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: NSLog(@”Authorized”); break;
  6. case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied: NSLog(@”Denied'”); break;
  7. case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: NSLog(@”not Determined”); break;
  8. case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted: NSLog(@”Restricted”);
  9. break;
  10. default: break;
  11. }
  13. 查询是否获取日历或备忘录权限
  14. EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
  15. [store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
  16. if (granted) {
  17. NSLog(@”Authorized”); }
  18. else{ NSLog(@”Denied or Restricted”); }