iOS开发笔记–keyboard相关
*近一个项目有键盘相关的需求：自定义键盘与系统键盘切换。就将键盘相关的知识点顺了一遍。
一、UITextInputTraits 协议
该协议定义了一些与键盘输入相关的属性。所有支持键盘输入的对象都必须接受这个协议，目的是为了与文本输入管理系统正确地交互。
UITextField 和 UITextView ，UISearchBar都支持该协议。
@protocol UITextInputTraits <NSObject>
@optional
@property(nonatomic) UITextAutocapitalizationType autocapitalizationType;
// 定义输入文本的自动大写类型 default is UITextAutocapitalizationTypeSentences
@property(nonatomic) UITextAutocorrectionType autocorrectionType;
// 定义输入文本的自动更正类型 default is UITextAutocorrectionTypeDefault
@property(nonatomic) UITextSpellCheckingType spellCheckingType NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
// 定义输入文本的拼写检查类型 default is UITextSpellCheckingTypeDefault;
@property(nonatomic) UIKeyboardType keyboardType;
// 定义键盘类型 default is UIKeyboardTypeDefault
@property(nonatomic) UIKeyboardAppearance keyboardAppearance;
// 定义键盘外貌类型 default is UIKeyboardAppearanceDefault
@property(nonatomic) UIReturnKeyType returnKeyType;
// 定义键盘returnKey的类型 default is UIReturnKeyDefault (See note under UIReturnKeyType enum)
@property(nonatomic) BOOL enablesReturnKeyAutomatically;
// default is NO (when YES, will automatically disable return key when text widget has zero-length contents, and will automatically enable when text widget has non-zero-length contents)
@property(nonatomic,getter=isSecureTextEntry) BOOL secureTextEntry;
// 输入文本是否加密 default is NO
@end
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIKeyboardType) {
UIKeyboardTypeDefault, // Default type for the current input method.
UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable,
// 字母键盘 Displays a keyboard which can enter ASCII characters, non-ASCII keyboards remain active
UIKeyboardTypeNumbersAndPunctuation, // Numbers and assorted punctuation.
UIKeyboardTypeURL, // A type optimized for URL entry (shows . / .com prominently).
UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad, // A number pad (0-9). Suitable for PIN entry.
UIKeyboardTypePhonePad, // A phone pad (1-9, *, 0, #, with letters under the numbers).
UIKeyboardTypeNamePhonePad, // A type optimized for entering a person’s name or phone number.
UIKeyboardTypeEmailAddress, // A type optimized for multiple email address entry (shows space @ . prominently).
#if __IPHONE_4_1 <= __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED
UIKeyboardTypeDecimalPad, // A number pad with a decimal point.
#endif
#if __IPHONE_5_0 <= __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED
UIKeyboardTypeTwitter, // A type optimized for twitter text entry (easy access to @ #)
#endif
UIKeyboardTypeAlphabet = UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable, // Deprecated
};
这个属性决定了在输入文本中，是否支持拼写检查。
二、定制键盘
@interface UIResponder (UIResponderInputViewAdditions)
// Called and presented when object becomes first responder. Goes up the responder chain.
@property (readonly, retain) UIView *inputView NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2);
//键盘视图，定制的键盘视图要赋值给该属性
@property (readonly, retain) UIView *inputAccessoryView NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2);
//键盘辅助视图，即位于键盘视图上面一些额外的辅助性视图，可在上添加辅助功能键
// If called while object is first responder, reloads inputView and inputAccessoryView. Otherwise ignored.
– (void)reloadInputViews NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2);
@end
UITextField 和 UITextView 都提供了以上方法。
如上图所示，绿色视图为 inputAccessoryView。下面的是定制的键盘视图
示例代码如下
– (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
self.numberTextField = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 120, 280, 80)];
self.numberTextField.backgroundColor = [UIColor darkGrayColor];
self.numberTextField.delegate = self;
self.numberTextField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeNamePhonePad;
self.numberTextField.autocapitalizationType = UITextAutocapitalizationTypeNone;
self.numberTextField.autocorrectionType = UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo;
self.numberTextField.spellCheckingType = UITextSpellCheckingTypeNo;
self.numberTextField.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeySearch;
_inputView = [[AZStockKeyboardView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, rect.size.width, 216)];
_inputView.delegate = self;
self.numberTextField.inputView = _inputView;
UIView *accessoryView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 44)];
accessoryView.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
self.numberTextField.inputAccessoryView = accessoryView;
[self.view addSubview:self.numberTextField];
}
切换系统键盘
– (void)customedKeyboardDidChange
{
self.numberTextField.inputView = nil;
[self.numberTextField reloadInputViews];
}
系统键盘切换定制键盘
– (void)systemKeyboardDidChange
{
self.numberTextField.inputView = _inputView;
[self.numberTextField reloadInputViews];
}
给定制的键盘添加系统键盘按键声音
1.定制键盘视图要继承UIView，接受 UIInputViewAudioFeedback 协议，并实现协议方法
@interface AZStockKeyboardView : UIView<UIInputViewAudioFeedback>
{
}
#pragma mark UIInputViewAudioFeedback protocol methods
– (BOOL)enableInputClicksWhenVisible
{
return YES;
}
2.在定制的键盘的按键响应的方法中，调用 [[UIDevice currentDevice] playInputClick]
– (void)numberButtonClicked:(id)sender
{
[[UIDevice currentDevice] playInputClick];
}
三、改造系统键盘
由于需要定制键盘和系统键盘互相切换，就需要将系统键盘的切换键盘的按键响应我们自己的切换键盘方法。
Apple官方并没有提供这种方法，目前可行的做法是将该按键用我们自己的创建的按键将其覆盖。
UITextEffectsWindow //键盘所在window
UIPeripheralHostView //键盘视图所在的父视图 定制的键盘视图，辅助视图都放在这个视图上面
UIKeyboardAutomatic //键盘视图
UIKeyboardImpl //自己按英文的意思理解的，键盘的实现视图
UIKeyboardLayoutStar //自己按英文的意思理解的，键盘的布局视图
UIKBKeyplaneView //
UIKBKeyView //根据description判断，是键盘的功能性按键的视图（除字母，数字之外，类似删除键，空格键等）
以上视图都有层级关系，从上到下，上面的视图是下面视图的父视图
完成覆盖按键的任务，需要获取 UIKeyboardAutomatic 视图，然后把定制的切换按键添加到该视图上
获取系统键盘视图
– (UIView *)getSystemKeyboardView
{
UIView *returnView = nil;
UIWindow *keyboardWindow = nil;
for (UIWindow *window in [[UIApplication sharedApplication] windows])
{
if (![NSStringFromClass([window class]) isEqualToString:NSStringFromClass([UIWindow class])])
{
keyboardWindow = window;
break;
}
}
if (keyboardWindow == nil)
return nil;
for (UIView *firstView in [keyboardWindow subviews])
{
if ([[firstView description] hasPrefix:@”<UIPeripheralHostView”])
{
for (UIView *secondView in [firstView subviews])
{
if ([[secondView description] hasPrefix:@”<UIKeyboardAutomatic”])
{
returnView = secondView;
}
}
}
}
return returnView;
}
监听键盘事件
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardWillShow:) name:UIKeyboardWillShowNotification object:nil];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardDidShow:) name:UIKeyboardDidShowNotification object:nil];
向键盘视图上覆盖按键
– (void)keyboardDidShow:(id)notification
{
_keyboardDefaultView = [self getSystemKeyboardView];
if (_keyboardDefaultView)
{
_switchNumButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[_switchNumButton setTitle:@”123″ forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[_switchNumButton setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@”num.png”] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
_switchNumButton.frame = CGRectMake(1, 173, 78, 42);
[_switchNumButton addTarget:self action:@selector(changeCutomeButtonClicked:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[_keyboardDefaultView addSubview:_switchNumButton];
}
}
效果如下：
注意：由于所有系统键盘都是所有程序共享的，所以在当前界面消失前，或者其他类型的输入视图调用键盘前，要将我们自己定制的按键移除。
否则，从其他应用调用该类型键盘，都可以看到我们定制的按键。
同时也应该在调用键盘前，即键盘弹出时，在用我们定制的按键覆盖之前加限定条件
– (void)keyboardDidShow:(id)notification
{
_keyboardDefaultView = [self getSystemKeyboardView];
if (_keyboardDefaultView && [_numberTextField isFirstResponder])
{
_switchNumButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[_switchNumButton setTitle:@”123″ forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[_switchNumButton setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@”num.png”] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
_switchNumButton.frame = CGRectMake(1, 173, 78, 42);
[_switchNumButton addTarget:self action:@selector(changeCutomeButtonClicked:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[_keyboardDefaultView addSubview:_switchNumButton];
}
else
{
if (_switchNumButton) {
[_switchNumButton removeFromSuperview];
}
}
}