Gradle工具的学习

gradle命令介绍

1. gradle projects查看工程信息
2. gradle tasks查看任务信息
3. gradle task-name执行任务
   列出了好多任务，这时候就可以通过 gradle 任务名来执行某个任务。这和make xxx很像。比如：
   gradle clean是执行清理任务，和make clean类似。
   gradle properites用来查看所有属性信息。
   gradle tasks会列出每个任务的描述，通过描述，我们大概能知道这些任务是干什么的…..。然后gradle task-name执行它就好。
   这里要强调一点：Task和Task之间往往是有关系的，这就是所谓的依赖关系。比如，assemble task就依赖其他task先执行，assemble才能完成*终的输出。

Gradle基本类型

gradle基于groovy, gradle提供的基本类型也都实现了script.并且提供了大量的方法和属性

Build script -> Project (每个project的build.gradle也就是一个project)
Init script -> Gradle
Settings script -> Settings (对应setting.gradle)

• Project 每个project的build.gradle都会转换成一个project
• Gradle
• Settings 每一个settings.gradle都会转换成一个Settings对象

Gradle 生命周期

1.初始化创建Settings实例
2.解析settings.gradle 构造各个Project实例
3.解析每个Project对应的build.gradle，配置相应Project

即 setting.gradle -> 各个build.gradle

上面*张图是settings.gradle的配置
第二张是执行assemble 打印出来的执行顺序，也就是说settings.gradle先执行
然后是root.gradle (也就是我们根目录下的gradle) 接下来就是按照settings.gradle配置顺序进行执行～

每个对象的方法就不再赘述，api中都有。

实战

root gradle

1. // Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
2. buildscript {
3. repositories {
4. mavenCentral()
5. }
6. dependencies {
7. classpath ‘com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3’
8. }
9. }
11. allprojects {//对所有projects都起作用
12. repositories {
13. mavenCentral()
14. }
15. }
17. ext {//定义所有project公用参数 使用rootProject.ext.XX就能拿到相应对象
18. compileSdk = 23
19. minSdk = 11
20. targetSdk = 23
21. support = “23.1.1”
22. buildTools = “23.0.2”
23. glide = “3.6.0”
24. okio = “1.4.0”
25. okhttp = “2.4.0”
26. fabric = “2.4.0”
27. leakcanary = “1.3.1”
28. logansquare = “1.1.0”
29. dagger = “2.0.1”
30. packageName = “com.evilsoulm.keep_nice”
31. butterknife = “7.0.1”
32. retrofit = “2.0.0-beta2”
33. greendao = “2.0.0”
34. }
36. task clean(type: Delete) {
37. delete rootProject.buildDir
38. }

commonandroid.gradle android项目共用gradle 相当于基类 可以通过apply from 引入

1. android {
2. compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdk
3. buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildTools
5. defaultConfig {
6. minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdk
7. targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdk
8. }
10. compileOptions {
11. sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
12. targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
13. }
14. dexOptions {
15. javaMaxHeapSize “2048m”
16. }
18. dexOptions {
19. preDexLibraries project.hasProperty(‘debug’)
20. incremental project.hasProperty(‘debug’)
21. }
23. packagingOptions {
24. exclude ‘.readme’
25. exclude ‘LICENSE.txt’
26. exclude ‘META-INF/DEPENDENCIES’
27. exclude ‘META-INF/dependencies’
28. exclude ‘META-INF/DEPENDENCIES.txt’
29. exclude ‘META-INF/dependencies.txt’
30. }
31. }

commonproject.gradle project项目共用gradle

1. repositories {
2. mavenCentral()
3. }
4. apply plugin: ‘findbugs’
5. apply plugin: ‘checkstyle’

1. apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’
2. apply plugin: ‘com.neenbedankt.android-apt’
3. apply from: rootProject.file(‘basegradle/commonProject.gradle’)//引入commonProject
4. apply from: rootProject.file(‘basegradle/commonAndroid.gradle’)//引入commonAndroid
6. buildscript {
7. repositories {
8. mavenCentral()
9. }
11. dependencies {
12. classpath ‘com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8’
13. }
14. }
16. android {
17. defaultConfig {
18. applicationId rootProject.ext.packageName
19. versionCode 1
20. versionName “1.0”
21. }
23. buildTypes {
24. debug {
25. minifyEnabled false
26. debuggable true
27. jniDebuggable true
28. }
30. release {
31. minifyEnabled true
32. shrinkResources false
34. debuggable false
35. jniDebuggable false
36. zipAlignEnabled true
37. proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile(‘proguard-android.txt’), ‘proguard-rules.pro’
38. }
39. }
41. configurations {
42. all*.exclude group: ‘com.google.android’, module: ‘android’
43. all*.exclude group: ‘com.google.android’, module: ‘support-v4’
44. all*.exclude group: ‘asm’, module: ‘asm’
45. all*.exclude group: ‘com.google.code.gson’
46. }
49. productFlavors {//很棒的一个参数可以在底下更改包名，资源等。。
50. normal {
52. }
54. ddebug {
55. }
56. }
57. }
59. dependencies {
60. compile project(‘:common’)
61. compile project(‘:model’)
62. compile fileTree(dir: ‘libs’, include: [‘*.jar’])
63. compile ‘com.android.support:appcompat-v7:’ + rootProject.ext.support
64. compile ‘com.android.support:design:’ + rootProject.ext.support
65. compile ‘com.squareup.okio:okio:’ + rootProject.ext.okio
66. compile(‘com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:’ + rootProject.ext.okhttp) {
67. exclude group: ‘com.squareup.okio’, module: ‘okio’
68. }
69. //图片加载
70. compile ‘com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:’ + rootProject.ext.glide
71. //leakcanary
72. debugCompile ‘com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:’ + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
73. releaseCompile ‘com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:’ + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
74. //logansquare
75. apt ‘com.bluelinelabs:logansquare-compiler:’ + rootProject.ext.logansquare
76. compile ‘com.bluelinelabs:logansquare:’ + rootProject.ext.logansquare
77. //dagger2 注入
78. apt ‘com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:’ + rootProject.ext.dagger
79. compile ‘com.google.dagger:dagger:’ + rootProject.ext.dagger
80. //UI注入
81. compile ‘com.jakewharton:butterknife:’ + rootProject.ext.butterknife
82. //rxjava
83. compile ‘io.reactivex:rxjava:1.0.10’
84. compile ‘io.reactivex:rxandroid:0.24.0’
85. //网络框架
86. compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:’ + rootProject.ext.retrofit
87. compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit:converter-gson:’ + rootProject.ext.retrofit
88. compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit:adapter-rxjava:’ + rootProject.ext.retrofit
90. }

写法2

另一种写法就是只有一个root.build 通过configure进行每个module的配置 ,每个module下的build.gradle就可以删除了～统一在root.build下进行管理
eg.只写了一个module

1. buildscript {
2. repositories {
3. mavenCentral()
4. }
5. dependencies {
6. classpath ‘com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3’
7. }
8. }
10. allprojects {
11. repositories {
12. mavenCentral()
13. }
14. }
16. ext {
17. compileSdk = 23
18. minSdk = 11
19. targetSdk = 23
20. support = “23.1.1”
21. buildTools = “23.0.2”
22. glide = “3.6.0”
23. okio = “1.4.0”
24. okhttp = “2.4.0”
25. fabric = “2.4.0”
26. leakcanary = “1.3.1”
27. logansquare = “1.1.0”
28. dagger = “2.0.1”
29. packageName = “com.evilsoulm.keep_nice”
30. butterknife = “7.0.1”
31. retrofit = “2.0.0-beta2”
32. greendao = “2.0.0”
33. }
35. configure(project(‘:app’).subprojects) {//相当于放在app下的build.gradle
36. apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’
37. apply plugin: ‘com.neenbedankt.android-apt’
38. apply from: rootProject.file(‘basegradle/commonProject.gradle’)
39. apply from: rootProject.file(‘basegradle/commonAndroid.gradle’)
41. buildscript {
42. repositories {
43. mavenCentral()
44. }
46. dependencies {
47. classpath ‘com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8’
48. }
49. }
51. android {
52. defaultConfig {
53. applicationId rootProject.ext.packageName
54. versionCode 1
55. versionName “1.0”
56. }
58. buildTypes {
59. debug {
60. minifyEnabled false
61. debuggable true
62. jniDebuggable true
63. }
65. release {
66. minifyEnabled true
67. shrinkResources false
69. debuggable false
70. jniDebuggable false
71. zipAlignEnabled true
72. proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile(‘proguard-android.txt’), ‘proguard-rules.pro’
73. }
74. }
76. configurations {
77. all*.exclude group: ‘com.google.android’, module: ‘android’
78. all*.exclude group: ‘com.google.android’, module: ‘support-v4’
79. all*.exclude group: ‘asm’, module: ‘asm’
80. all*.exclude group: ‘com.google.code.gson’
81. }
84. productFlavors {
85. normal {
87. }
89. ddebug {
90. }
91. }
92. }
94. dependencies {
95. compile project(‘:common’)
96. compile project(‘:model’)
97. compile fileTree(dir: ‘libs’, include: [‘*.jar’])
98. compile ‘com.android.support:appcompat-v7:’ + rootProject.ext.support
99. compile ‘com.android.support:design:’ + rootProject.ext.support
100. compile ‘com.squareup.okio:okio:’ + rootProject.ext.okio
101. compile(‘com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:’ + rootProject.ext.okhttp) {
102. exclude group: ‘com.squareup.okio’, module: ‘okio’
103. }
104. //图片加载
105. compile ‘com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:’ + rootProject.ext.glide
106. //leakcanary
107. debugCompile ‘com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:’ + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
108. releaseCompile ‘com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:’ + rootProject.ext.leakcanary
109. //logansquare
110. apt ‘com.bluelinelabs:logansquare-compiler:’ + rootProject.ext.logansquare
111. compile ‘com.bluelinelabs:logansquare:’ + rootProject.ext.logansquare
112. //dagger2 注入
113. apt ‘com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:’ + rootProject.ext.dagger
114. compile ‘com.google.dagger:dagger:’ + rootProject.ext.dagger
115. //UI注入
116. compile ‘com.jakewharton:butterknife:’ + rootProject.ext.butterknife
117. //rxjava
118. compile ‘io.reactivex:rxjava:1.0.10’
119. compile ‘io.reactivex:rxandroid:0.24.0’
120. //网络框架
121. compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:’ + rootProject.ext.retrofit
122. compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit:converter-gson:’ + rootProject.ext.retrofit
123. compile ‘com.squareup.retrofit:adapter-rxjava:’ + rootProject.ext.retrofit
124. }
125. }

属性

如果是单个脚本，则不需要考虑属性的跨脚本传播，但是Gradle往往包含不止一个build.gradle文件，比如我设置的utils.gradle，settings.gradle。如何在多个脚本中设置属性呢？
Gradle提供了一种名为extra property的方法。extra property是额外属性的意思，在*次定义该属性的时候需要通过ext前缀来标示它是一个额外的属性。定义好之后，后面的存取就不需要ext前缀了。ext属性支持Project和Gradle对象。即Project和Gradle对象都可以设置ext属性

在上面的例子中其实我们已经用到了ext来定义一些常亮，eg:packageName,compileversion等
现在结合groovy相关知识,再重构下上面的gradle配置.

定义一个const.gradle用来管理我们的常亮和各个库所依赖的库.

1. ext {
2. android_const = [
3. compileSdk : 23,
4. minSdk : 11,
5. targetSdk : 23,
6. support : “23.1.1”,
7. buildTools : “23.0.2”,
8. packageName: “com.evilsoulm.keep_nice”
9. ]
11. dep_const = [
12. glide : “3.6.0”,
13. okio : “1.4.0”,
14. okhttp : “2.4.0”,
15. fabric : “2.4.0”,
16. leakcanary : “1.3.1”,
17. logansquare: “1.1.0”,
18. dagger : “2.0.1”,
19. butterknife: “7.0.1”,
20. retrofit : “2.0.0-beta2”,
21. greendao : “2.0.0”
22. ]
24. app_dep = [
25. “appcompat-v7” : ‘com.android.support:appcompat-v7:’ + android_const.support,
26. “design” : ‘com.android.support:design:’ + android_const.support,
27. “okio” : ‘com.squareup.okio:okio:’ + dep_const.okio,
28. “okhttp” : ‘com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:’ + dep_const.okhttp,
29. “glide” : ‘com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:’ + dep_const.glide,
30. “debug_leakcanary” : ‘com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:’ + dep_const.leakcanary,
31. “release_leakcanary”: ‘com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:’ + dep_const.leakcanary,
32. “glide” : ‘com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:’ + dep_const.glide,
33. “apt_logansquare” : ‘com.bluelinelabs:logansquare-compiler:’ + dep_const.logansquare,
34. “logansquare” : ‘com.bluelinelabs:logansquare:’ + dep_const.logansquare,
35. “apt_dagger” : ‘com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:’ + dep_const.dagger,
36. “dagger” : ‘com.google.dagger:dagger:’ + dep_const.dagger,
37. “butterknife” : ‘com.jakewharton:butterknife:’ + dep_const.butterknife,
38. “rxjava” : ‘io.reactivex:rxjava:1.0.10’,
39. “rxandroid” : ‘io.reactivex:rxandroid:0.24.0’,
40. “retrofit” : ‘com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:’ + dep_const.retrofit,
41. “converter-gson” : ‘com.squareup.retrofit:converter-gson:’ + dep_const.retrofit,
42. “adapter-rxjava” : ‘com.squareup.retrofit:adapter-rxjava:’ + dep_const.retrofit
43. ]
45. model_generator_dep = [
46. “greendao-generator”: ‘de.greenrobot:greendao-generator:’ + dep_const.greendao
47. ]
49. model_dep = [
50. “greendao”: ‘de.greenrobot:greendao:’ + dep_const.greendao,
51. “android” : ‘com.google.android:android:4.1.1.4’
52. ]
54. }

根目录的build.gradle

1. // Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
2. apply from: “basegradle/const.gradle” //引入const.gradle 有点继承的感觉 也就是现在rootProject也就拥有const.gradle里的方法和变量
4. buildscript {
5. repositories {
6. mavenCentral()
7. }
8. dependencies {
9. classpath ‘com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3’
10. }
11. }
13. allprojects {
14. repositories {
15. mavenCentral()
16. }
17. }

使用
//老的版本

1. apply plugin: ‘java’
3. dependencies {
4. compile ‘de.greenrobot:greendao:’ + rootProject.ext.greendao
5. compile(group: ‘com.google.android’, name: ‘android’, version: ‘4.1.1.4’)
6. }

改造后 简单清楚

1. apply plugin: ‘java’
3. dependencies {
4. compile rootProject.ext.model_dep.greendao
5. compile rootProject.ext.model_dep.android
6. }

查看依赖树

gradle dependencies

1. task helloShortCut << {
2. println ‘short cut’
3. }
5. //打印0道9
6. task count << {
7. 10.times { print(“$it “) }
8. }
10. task intro(dependsOn: helloShortCut) << {
11. print “i am gradle”
12. }
14. //动态task
15. 10.times {
16. time ->
17. task “task$time” << {
18. println ” i am task number $time”
19. }
20. }
22. task8.dependsOn task1, task2, task3, task4
24. task hello << {
25. println ‘Hello Earth’
26. }
27. hello.doFirst {
28. println ‘Hello Venus’
29. }
30. hello.doLast {
31. println ‘Hello Mars’
32. }
33. hello << {
34. println ‘Hello Jupiter’
35. }
37. task loadFile << {
38. def files = file(‘../antLoadfileResources’).listFiles().sort();
39. files.each {
40. File file ->
41. if (file.isFile()) {
43. }
44. }
45. }
46. gradle.taskGraph.whenReady {taskGraph ->
47. if (taskGraph.hasTask(“assembleSpeedCompilation”)) {
48. println ‘_____________________________assembleSpeedCompilationDebug’
49. } else {
50. println ‘_____________________________–不包含’
51. }
52. }

1. //显示依赖包的存储路径task
2. showRemoteDependencies << {
3. configurations.compile.each { println it
4. }}

demo->github